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Skier Dictionary

Skiers - a separate caste, and in conversation with each other, they use terms unfamiliar to most of us. We hope that our mini-dictionary will prove helpful in entering the "dedicated" circle and feel confident in the ski resorts and slopes.

Apres-ski -holidays after skiing.

Backcountry - riding on unprepared, forested slopes, preferably away from populated areas. This may include a free ride.

Big Air - a great springboard for high jumps, also known as jump competition.

Carving – ski technique and Carvey style skiing- “slim line” skiing with extended front and rear parts, during rotation these skis slip very slightly.

Cant - edge - bottom edge skis, upholstered steel plate (edging). Tilting - change the angle setting of skis on the edge with respect to the snowpack.

Free-ride – free style skating on unprepared runs and slopes. On the map, such slopes are marked with dashed black lines; they have designed for professionals only.

Freestyle - (free skating) – a competition type amongst skiers became particularly famous in recent decades. Freestyle includes mogul (descents on mounds), ski-cross and acrobatics.

Gear hire - equipment rental.

The half-pipe - an artificial tube for snowboarders, usually in the snow park.

Heliski - off-piste skiing, with  helicopter delivery.

“Quarter pipe” - a popular form of slides in the snowboard park.

Medical center - medical center.

New school (NS) - This concept appeared recently and we used to describe the new, modern application of skiing, especially skiing on the railing (slope style, jibbing), riding in a snow park, performing various tricks. This trend appeared in the early 90s of the 20th century. The pioneer s of this school can be safely assumed to be such athletes as Johnny Moseley and Glen Pleiku . Modern new school - is not merely a professional sport, but rather a new initiative for skiing, a way of expression for professionals in skiing. New names appear each season; several Youngs compete each other to reach the fame of those already known. Maybe this extreme sport will reach Olympic level success one day!  Famous names: Jon Ollson , Candide Tove , Tanner Hall.

Nursery - snow kindergarten ("splash") - a small walled town of snow on a slope, designed to teach children to ski and skiing.

Off-Piste - off-piste skiing.

Old school - Classic skiing and riding style. Among the younger generation is sometimes used as a derogatory.

Pharmacy – a pharmacy.

Piste / Slope - a line; a slope. Distinguished from the slope: a very gentle (4-7 degrees), gently sloping (8-15 degrees), medium (15-25 degrees), cool (25-35 degrees) and very steep (over 35 degrees).

Powder - new-fallen snow, as soft as powder.

Ski bus - Ski bus plying the resort town and delivers a break from hotels to the ski lifts and back.

Ski lift - lift.

Tape lifts - working in the snowboard parks, children's parks, year-round gated communities, as auxiliary lifts at ski resorts.

Cable car / Gondolas - gondola ski lifts - high-speed lifts, cabins with a capacity of 6-24 people.

Funicamp - chair-rail platforms: a funicular cable railway with running modern closed cabins, which can accommodate up to 24 people.

Chair lift - (single-, twin- and multi-) attached to a cable chair, having a maximum capacity of eight people. For embarking and disembarking passengers chair lifts do not stop, they are difficult to be used by beginners, yet the speed of such small elevators is controllable and they can be learnt relatively quickly.

Surface lift - tow lifts.

Baby lift - a towing children's lift. A rope is attached to it with braces to which one needs to stick to and move as "in tow."

Drag lift - a rope tow, towing skiers in the snow. It is a bare wire that is driven by an electric motor, located at the bottom of the slope.

Platter lift (USA), Vutton lift and Poma lift (Europe) - "Push" tow-lift, or "plate". It is a continuously moving cable with poles, at the ends of which are attached fixed, "plates" shape. The poles can be moved continuously with a rope, and can accumulate in the bottom of the lift, waiting for the skier "sit down" to "plate" to climb the top of the hill.

T-bar lift or "mop"- The lift itself has inverted letter «T» shape, attached to the rope’s “leg”. Especially designed for lifting 2 people simultaneously.

J-bar lift - Tow "anchor" lifts, the shape of which resembles an anchor. Typically, a single bar can cling to two people at the same time.

Ski-pass - ski passes or ski area resorts. Ski passes can be for a day; for several days or seasonal. Subscribe may function not only as a lift pass of the region, but also to provide free use of the ski bass.

Ski-stop - the adjustment of ski bindings in the form of two opening horns, designed to detain unfasten skis on snow.

Ski terrain – ski resort territory.

Valley - located on the slope of the mountain in the form of an elongated valley between mountains or hills, where the skier goes down.

Flat- flat, no ups and downs, the terrain is located at an altitude of 500 m above sea level.

Soil- virgin- huge fields of untouched snow, which can be found just off the track. Skiing on virgin snow usually involves snowboarders, as narrow skis skier can drown in deep and soft snow.

Low-mountain relief - low mountains - terrain at altitudes ranging from 600 m to 1200 m above sea level.

Middle mountains - the midlands (moderate or high) - the area is located at an altitude of 1000-2000 meters above sea level.

High Mountain - Highlands - an area at an altitude of 2500 meters above sea level.

Snowblade - a snow blade – category of skis (short and wide).

Snow canon - snow cannons used to produce artificial snow.

Snow Park - man-made park, built on the slopes for freestyle; jumping; training; and snowboarding.

Telemark - a skiing style with a free fixed heel, extremely popular nowadays, especially in the Scandinavian countries. Named in honor of the province in Norway.

Run - wounds - downhill skiing, specially prepared and equipped with the slope of land topography, meeting the requirements of a particular skiing type or comfort.

With regards to the course of difficulty, runs are divided into:

-         Green run - the green line - the easy route (for beginners). The canopy is different and wider. Occasionally on such routes, slope appears rather conditional: it is safe to go straight down, no turns and accelerations. There are areas in which there is virtually no slope, for it, acceleration requires the use of the sticks.

-         Red run - a complex route (for advanced skiers). On such roads almost no flat areas exist, with occasional steepness but no long descents. Such trails are usually intensely “ironed” by snowmobiles. Yet, at the end of the day smooth structure will not be evident: the slopes are popular, skiers are numerous and appearance of bumps is inevitable.

-         Black run - the hardest route (for professionals). It is intended only for professional skiers or more experienced skiers. Usually on such tracks snowmobiles are not present- key characteristics of such run are:  virgin snow; hills; dramatic elevation changes; tight turns and very narrow areas.

By the course of purpose trails are divided into sport; educational; tourist; ski specialized.

Examples of specialized sport trials:

Mogul run - with lots of hills, on which advanced skiers only being trained and practice.

Slalom run - slalom track - usually in terms of difficulty equivalent with the red run, is designed for downhill and competition.

Avalanche – fall of masses of snow, firn and ice. Distinguished from avalanches and ice falls.

Christy, christie - turn - change of descent direction.

Glacier - ice mass – mainly of atmospheric origin. Ski resorts allow skiers to ski on glaciers.

Injury - ski injury - damage of skin integrity; subcutaneous fat; tendons; muscles, and bones. Typical skier injuries - helical leg fractures, ankle fractures, ankle sprains, fractures and damage of meniscus and ligaments of knee joint, frostbite fingers and toes, the general hypothermia, burns, eye injuries of soft tissues of the extremities and trunk, dislocations in the shoulder joints.

Side-step - ladder - the most common technique to lift up a mountain on skis.

Skating step - skating stride - rectilinear movement of the skier on a slope or on a flat plot with alternate repulsion and glide, on one ski, according to patterned skater movements

Ski accessories - ski cosmetics - creams and ointments to protect exposure against sun, wind and cold.

Ski Equipment - Alpine ski equipment consists of such equipments as  (skis, boots, bindings, poles) and accessories (ski helmet, goggles, suit, gloves or mittens, protective mask against wind, backpack, linings and pads, belt bag, bag boots, ski bag, cap, headband, ski socks and underwear).

Ski Instructor - Instructor - a specialist in the field of skiing, trained and certified on a specific training program in schooling trainers.

Ski patrol - ski rescuer - a person trained and educated to provide pre-hospital first aid (Red Cross, emergency, medical education), part of rescue team within ski resort.

Ski Sport - skiing - slalom, giant slalom, and super giant slalom, downhill. All characterized by Olympic discipline. Legendary athletes: Austrian Hermann Maier, Italian Alberto Tomba, Pirmin Zurbriggen of Liechtenstein, Freni Schneider of Switzerland, the Swede Ingemar Stenmark, Marc Girardelli of Luxembourg, German Katja Zaytsinger.

Snowcat - snowmobiles - Special wide - tractors with implements and balancers to work in the snow.

Snow plow (wedge) - plow –the state of positioning of ski angle with ski socks. The technique is that of simplest slip, braking and cornering on gentle slopes.

Step turning - stepping - a way of spinning on skis, consisting of alternate drawing fan, ski-transfer, and load and sliding on top of the ski (with the oversight of the bottom in a parallel position).

Straight down - linear motion down the line parallel to the ramp set deployed on slope level downward skiing or on variable steepness.

Stance - Front – skier position on the slope. With regards to height rack can be low, medium or high. By the course of body lilt, back and forth, one can distinguish rack into: front, normal and rear.

Wax - wax for skis - a thick substance on the basis of paraffin for ski waxing, improving their glide.